Phenylalanine increases chrysanthemum flower immunity against Botrytis cinerea attack.
Identifieur interne : 000087 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000086; suivant : 000088Phenylalanine increases chrysanthemum flower immunity against Botrytis cinerea attack.
Auteurs : Varun Kumar [Israël] ; Erel Hatan [Israël] ; Einat Bar [Israël] ; Rachel Davidovich-Rikanati [Israël] ; Adi Doron-Faigenboim [Israël] ; Ben Spitzer-Rimon [Israël] ; Yigal Elad [Israël] ; Noam Alkan [Israël] ; Efraim Lewinsohn [Israël] ; Michal Oren-Shamir [Israël]Source :
- The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology [ 1365-313X ] ; 2020.
Abstract
Flowers are the most vulnerable plant organ to infection by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Here we show that pre-treatment of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) flowers with phenylalanine (Phe) significantly reduces their susceptibility to B. cinerea. To comprehend how Phe treatment induces resistance, we monitored the dynamics of metabolites (by GC/LC-MS) and transcriptomes (by RNAseq) in flowers after Phe treatment and B. cinerea infection. Phe treatment resulted in accumulation of 3-phenyllactate and benzaldehyde, and in particular induced the expression of genes related to Ca2+ signaling and receptor kinases, implicating an induction of the defense response. Interestingly, the main effects of Phe treatment were observed in flowers exposed to B. cinerea infection, stabilizing the global fluctuations in the levels of metabolites and transcripts while reducing susceptibility to the fungus. We suggest that Phe-induced resistance is associated to cell priming, enabling rapid and targeted reprogramming of cellular defense responses to resist disease development. After Phe pre-treatment, the levels of the anti-fungal volatiles phenylacetaldehyde and eugenol were maintained and the level of coniferin, a plausible monolignol precursor in cell wall lignification, was strongly increased. In addition, Phe pre-treatment reduced ROS generation, prevented ethylene emission, and caused changes in the expression of a minor number of genes related to cell wall biogenesis, encoding the RLK THESEUS1, or involved in Ca2+ and hormonal signaling processes. Our findings point to Phe pre-treatment as a potential orchestrator of a broad-spectrum defense response which may not only provide an ecologically friendly pest control strategy but also offers a promising way of priming plants to induce defense responses against B. cinerea.
DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14919
PubMed: 32645754
Affiliations:
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15159</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>P.O.B 15159</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hatan, Erel" sort="Hatan, Erel" uniqKey="Hatan E" first="Erel" last="Hatan">Erel Hatan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion, P.O.B 15159, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion, P.O.B 15159</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>P.O.B 15159</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bar, Einat" sort="Bar, Einat" uniqKey="Bar E" first="Einat" last="Bar">Einat Bar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Vegetable Crops, Agriculture Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Vegetable Crops, Agriculture Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, 30095</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>30095</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davidovich Rikanati, Rachel" sort="Davidovich Rikanati, Rachel" uniqKey="Davidovich Rikanati R" first="Rachel" last="Davidovich-Rikanati">Rachel Davidovich-Rikanati</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Vegetable Crops, Agriculture Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Vegetable Crops, Agriculture Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, 30095</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>30095</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Doron Faigenboim, Adi" sort="Doron Faigenboim, Adi" uniqKey="Doron Faigenboim A" first="Adi" last="Doron-Faigenboim">Adi Doron-Faigenboim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion, P.O.B 15159, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion, P.O.B 15159</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>P.O.B 15159</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spitzer Rimon, Ben" sort="Spitzer Rimon, Ben" uniqKey="Spitzer Rimon B" first="Ben" last="Spitzer-Rimon">Ben Spitzer-Rimon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion, P.O.B 15159, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion, P.O.B 15159</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>P.O.B 15159</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elad, Yigal" sort="Elad, Yigal" uniqKey="Elad Y" first="Yigal" last="Elad">Yigal Elad</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion, P.O.B 15159, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion, P.O.B 15159</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>P.O.B 15159</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alkan, Noam" sort="Alkan, Noam" uniqKey="Alkan N" first="Noam" last="Alkan">Noam Alkan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion, P.O.B 15159, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion, P.O.B 15159</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>P.O.B 15159</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lewinsohn, Efraim" sort="Lewinsohn, Efraim" uniqKey="Lewinsohn E" first="Efraim" last="Lewinsohn">Efraim Lewinsohn</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Vegetable Crops, Agriculture Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Vegetable Crops, Agriculture Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, 30095</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>30095</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oren Shamir, Michal" sort="Oren Shamir, Michal" uniqKey="Oren Shamir M" first="Michal" last="Oren-Shamir">Michal Oren-Shamir</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion, P.O.B 15159, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion, P.O.B 15159</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>P.O.B 15159</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology</title><idno type="eISSN">1365-313X</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Flowers are the most vulnerable plant organ to infection by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Here we show that pre-treatment of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) flowers with phenylalanine (Phe) significantly reduces their susceptibility to B. cinerea. To comprehend how Phe treatment induces resistance, we monitored the dynamics of metabolites (by GC/LC-MS) and transcriptomes (by RNAseq) in flowers after Phe treatment and B. cinerea infection. Phe treatment resulted in accumulation of 3-phenyllactate and benzaldehyde, and in particular induced the expression of genes related to Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling and receptor kinases, implicating an induction of the defense response. Interestingly, the main effects of Phe treatment were observed in flowers exposed to B. cinerea infection, stabilizing the global fluctuations in the levels of metabolites and transcripts while reducing susceptibility to the fungus. We suggest that Phe-induced resistance is associated to cell priming, enabling rapid and targeted reprogramming of cellular defense responses to resist disease development. After Phe pre-treatment, the levels of the anti-fungal volatiles phenylacetaldehyde and eugenol were maintained and the level of coniferin, a plausible monolignol precursor in cell wall lignification, was strongly increased. In addition, Phe pre-treatment reduced ROS generation, prevented ethylene emission, and caused changes in the expression of a minor number of genes related to cell wall biogenesis, encoding the RLK THESEUS1, or involved in Ca<sup>2+</sup> and hormonal signaling processes. Our findings point to Phe pre-treatment as a potential orchestrator of a broad-spectrum defense response which may not only provide an ecologically friendly pest control strategy but also offers a promising way of priming plants to induce defense responses against B. cinerea.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32645754</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>17</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1365-313X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Jul</Month><Day>09</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Plant J</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Phenylalanine increases chrysanthemum flower immunity against Botrytis cinerea attack.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1111/tpj.14919</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Flowers are the most vulnerable plant organ to infection by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Here we show that pre-treatment of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) flowers with phenylalanine (Phe) significantly reduces their susceptibility to B. cinerea. To comprehend how Phe treatment induces resistance, we monitored the dynamics of metabolites (by GC/LC-MS) and transcriptomes (by RNAseq) in flowers after Phe treatment and B. cinerea infection. Phe treatment resulted in accumulation of 3-phenyllactate and benzaldehyde, and in particular induced the expression of genes related to Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling and receptor kinases, implicating an induction of the defense response. Interestingly, the main effects of Phe treatment were observed in flowers exposed to B. cinerea infection, stabilizing the global fluctuations in the levels of metabolites and transcripts while reducing susceptibility to the fungus. We suggest that Phe-induced resistance is associated to cell priming, enabling rapid and targeted reprogramming of cellular defense responses to resist disease development. After Phe pre-treatment, the levels of the anti-fungal volatiles phenylacetaldehyde and eugenol were maintained and the level of coniferin, a plausible monolignol precursor in cell wall lignification, was strongly increased. In addition, Phe pre-treatment reduced ROS generation, prevented ethylene emission, and caused changes in the expression of a minor number of genes related to cell wall biogenesis, encoding the RLK THESEUS1, or involved in Ca<sup>2+</sup> and hormonal signaling processes. Our findings point to Phe pre-treatment as a potential orchestrator of a broad-spectrum defense response which may not only provide an ecologically friendly pest control strategy but also offers a promising way of priming plants to induce defense responses against B. cinerea.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2020 Society for Experimental Biology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kumar</LastName><ForeName>Varun</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion, P.O.B 15159, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hatan</LastName><ForeName>Erel</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion, P.O.B 15159, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bar</LastName><ForeName>Einat</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Vegetable Crops, Agriculture Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Davidovich-Rikanati</LastName><ForeName>Rachel</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Vegetable Crops, Agriculture Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Doron-Faigenboim</LastName><ForeName>Adi</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion, P.O.B 15159, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Spitzer-Rimon</LastName><ForeName>Ben</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion, P.O.B 15159, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Elad</LastName><ForeName>Yigal</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion, P.O.B 15159, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alkan</LastName><ForeName>Noam</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion, P.O.B 15159, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lewinsohn</LastName><ForeName>Efraim</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Vegetable Crops, Agriculture Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Oren-Shamir</LastName><ForeName>Michal</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7646-9492</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion, P.O.B 15159, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>256-1054-88</GrantID><Agency>COPIA Agro & Food Technologies</Agency><Country></Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>09</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Plant J</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9207397</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0960-7412</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Botrytis cinerea</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">chrysanthemum</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">differential gene expression analysis</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">immune signaling</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">induced resistance</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">phenylalanine</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">volatiles</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>05</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>22</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>02</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>10</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>10</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>10</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>aheadofprint</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32645754</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1111/tpj.14919</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Title>REFERENCES</Title><Reference><Citation>Altschul, S.F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E.W. and Lipman, D.J. 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